Plurals

“Mosquitoes” vs. “Mosquitos”

Foreign Languages, Nouns, Plurals, Versus

While recently investigating a system that daily sprays for this pest, my thoughts went to the the correct pluralization of the noun “mosquito”.

Problem:
It is not always clear how to pluralize a noun that ends with the letter “o”.

Explanation:
Years ago, U.S. Vice-President Dan Quayle became the butt of jokes when he told a student that the word “potato” should be spelled P-O-T-A-T-O-E.

The veep’s misspelling was likely due to the fact that the plural of “potato” — which is spelled P-O-T-A-T-O — is spelled P-O-T-A-T-O-E-S.

In other words, this singular noun with an “o” at the end is pluralized by adding E-S, not by adding only S.

Similarly, the singular noun “mosquito” — spelled M-O-S-Q-U-I-T-O — is pluralized in English by adding E-S instead of by adding S.

I believe that some American English speakers pluralize the singular noun “mosquito” by adding only an S because this is how the noun is pluralized in Spanish and because of the increasing influence of Spanish on American English

Solution:
Use “mosquitoes” with an O-E-S ending for English. Use “mosquitos” with an O-S ending for a language such as Spanish.

“Professional Trainings”

Common English Blunders, Nouns, Plurals

I saw this on the cover of a brochure that my wife got recently.

Problem:
“Trainings” is not a word.

Explanation:
“Professional Trainings: 2008-2009” was the full title of the brochure from a “Training Institute for Improved Health”.

The brochure described various educational sessions to be presented by the Institute.

The word “training” as a noun means the instruction or education of a person who is being trained.

Given that the nouns “instruction” and “education” have no plural form, the noun “training” has no plural form, and therefore “trainings” is not a word.

For fun, I searched Google for each of the following words (with the quotation marks, to prevent variations) and got about the indicated numbers of matches:

  • “training” — 725,000,000 matches
  • “trainings” — 13,700,000 matches

This tells me that Web authors have written the word correctly vs. incorrectly by a ratio of 52.9:1, which is good, but the fact that the Web contains nearly fourteen million instances of “trainings” is outrageous!

It is also clear that erroneous pluralization of the noun “training” is definitely a common English blunder.

For fun, I also searched Google for each of the following phrases (with the quotation marks) and got about the indicated numbers of matches:

  • “professional training” — 5,190,000 matches
  • “professional trainings” — 47,700 matches

This tells me that Web authors have written the phrase correctly vs. incorrectly by a ratio of 109:1, which is much better, especially when one notices that “trainings” returned about fourteen million matches but that “professional trainings” returned fewer than fifty thousand matches.

I suppose that this says that most professionals know that “trainings” is not a word!

Solution:
“Professional Training”

“There are a lot of cats here.”

Common English Blunders, Nouns, Number, Plurals

I often hear sentences (mis)constructed in this way.

Problem:
There is a singular/plural mismatch.

Explanation:
The phrase “a lot of cats” is singular, even though “cats” is plural, because “a lot” is singular.

The “are” form of the verb “be” is plural.

So there is a mismatch in number between “are” (plural) and “a lot of cats” (singular).

Solutions:
“There is a lot of cats here.”
or
“There are lots of cats here.”