Verbs

Fun with Numbers

Adjectives, Adverbs, Nouns, Number, Verbs

I realized recently that I did not know well how to express different types of numbers in Italian.

I started thinking about examples in English and realized that there are several types of numbers and number-related words.

It became a game to list examples of these different types in English.

The game became more interesting when I determined that there was very little coverage about this topic on the Web.

For example, Wikipedia has an article about the names of numbers in English, but this article does not cover every type of number and number-related word that I could identify.

Because my list kept growing, I decided to wait a bit before trying to create the same list for Italian.

Here is my list for English:

  • One, two, three, … :
    • Name: These are called “cardinal numbers”, or “cardinals” for short.
    • Use: Cardinal numbers are for counting things. Two sets of objects (e.g., automobiles and flowers) have the same “cardinality” if the two sets have the same number of objects.
    • Form: These words can act as nouns or adjectives.
  • First, second, third, … :
    • Name: These are called “ordinal numbers”, or “ordinals” for short.
    • Use: Ordinal numbers are for ordering things (that is, placing things in a certain order).
    • Form: These words can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The word “second” can also act as a verb.
  • Once, twice, thrice, … :
    • Name: I do not know the name for this type of number-related word.
    • Use: These words are for referring to the number of times, occasions, or instances or for referring to an n-fold quantity or degree.
    • Form: These words act only as adverbs.
  • Single, double, triple, … :
    • Name: I do not know the name for this type of number-related word.
    • Use: These words are for referring to the number of parts, kinds, or degrees or for referring to a group, set, or series.
    • Form: These words can act as nouns, adjectives, or verbs.
  • Twin, triplet, quadruplet, … :
    • Name: As with “one”, “two”, “three”, etc., these words also are defined as “cardinal numbers”.
    • Use: These words can be used to refer to items as a collection. These words can also be used to refer to any item in such a collection.
    • Form: These words act as nouns. The word “twin” can also act as an adjective or a verb.
  • Singular, plural, trial … :
    • Name: These are called “grammatical number” in linguistics.
    • Use: Among their many uses, these words are for expressing count distinctions in grammar.
    • Form: These words can act as adjectives or nouns.

I am sure that I missed some number-related words, but that is part of the fun of this exercise!

“meet” vs. “meet with” vs. “meet up with”

Pronouns, Verbs, Versus

I started to think about this comparison after hearing someone say “meet up with” a couple of days ago.

Problem:
Only two of these three are proper English.

Explanation:
I recently heard someone on the radio say “I was going to meet up with Chris in Galveston.”

This sentence contains an unnecessary preposition. The expression “meet up with” means exactly what “meet with” means but contains the unnecessary preposition “up” and therefore is not proper English.

In contrast, “meet with” is proper English but does not mean what “meet” means.

  • If I “meet John”, then he and I interact with one another for the first time.
  • If I “meet with John”, then he and I already know one another and are having another meeting together.

Solution:
Use “meet” for an initial, introductory meeting between two parties. Use “meet with” for subsequent meetings between two parties. Avoid “meet up with”.

“Home Theater Install Unit”

Adjectives, Common English Blunders, Devolution toward Simpler, Nouns, Verbs

My wife saw this yesterday on the side of a delivery truck.

Problem:
The sign maker used a verb where an adjective was required.

Explanation:
The delivery truck belonged to a retailer that sells home-theater systems.

The retailer uses the truck to deliver new home-theater systems for installation.

This gives us the solution. The word “Install” is incorrect on the sign because it is a verb. The sign maker should have used the word “Installation”, which is a noun that can be used as an adjective.

Unfortunately, at least in American English, it has become a common English blunder to use the verb “install” as if it were a noun, which it is not.

I believe that the misuse of “install” as a substitute for “installation” is consistent with my “Devolution toward Simpler” linguistic hypothesis. It is simpler to write the seven-letter, two-syllable word than to write the twelve-letter, four-syllable word.

Solution:
“Home Theater Installation Unit”